By using FG beads and utilizing the immunoprecipitation reaction by specific binding between antigen and antibody, it can be applied to a wide range of fields such as detection, separation and purification of antigen and antibody.
The antibodies are immobilized on the beads by affinity or covalent bond.
※Please scroll horizontally.
Immobilization to NH2 group of protein | Immobilization with affinity binding | Immobilized with Avidin-biotin binding | Immobilization to SH group and NH2 group of protein | Immobilization to His-tag of protein | Immobilization with click chemistry | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
It is possible to firmly immobilize the proteins by covalent bond to the beads. Since the NH2 groups on the protein is randomly immobilized on the beads, the orientation of the antibodies becomes disjointed. NHS beads are recommended because they are easier to operate than COOH beads. | Only antibodies can be immobilized on beads. The Fc site of the antibody binds to the beads by affinity. The immobilization operation is easy. | Immobilizes to beads with strong affinity binding. Immobilization requires biotinlation of the ligand. | Ligand immobilization is possible with inexpensive beads. However, temperature tolerance of the protein at 37℃ is required. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | |
(1)Antibody | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ○ | △ |
Recommended beads | COOH beadsNHS beads | Protein A beadsProtein G beads | Streptavidin beadsNeutrAvidin beads | Epoxy beads | Ts beads | Azide beadsAlkyne beads |
◎:Recommended for use 〇:Available △:Can be used depending on the conditions ×:Not available
The antigens are immobilized on the beads by affinity or covalent bond.
※Please scroll horizontally.
Immobilization to NH2 group of protein | Immobilization with affinity binding | Immobilized with Avidin-biotin binding | Immobilization to SH group and NH2 group of protein | Immobilization to His-tag of protein | Immobilization with click chemistry | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
It is possible to firmly immobilize the proteins by covalent bond to the beads. Since the NH2 groups on the protein is randomly immobilized on the beads, the orientation of the antibodies becomes disjointed. NHS beads are recommended because they are easier to operate than COOH beads. | Only antibodies can be immobilized on beads. The Fc site of the antibody binds to the beads by affinity. The immobilization operation is easy. | Immobilizes to beads with strong affinity binding. Immobilization requires biotinlation of the ligand. | Ligand immobilization is possible with inexpensive beads. However, temperature tolerance of the protein at 37℃ is required. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | |
(2)Antigen | ◎ | × | ◎ | ○ | ○ | △ |
Recommended beads | COOH beadsNHS beads | Protein A beadsProtein G beads | Streptavidin beadsNeutrAvidin beads | Epoxy beads | Ts beads | Azide beadsAlkyne beads |
◎:Recommended for use 〇:Available △:Can be used depending on the conditions ×:Not available
After immobilizing the antibodies (or antigens) on the beads, the target antigens (or antibodies) are recovered (bound).
※Please scroll horizontally.
Immobilization to NH2 group of protein | Immobilization with affinity binding | Immobilized with Avidin-biotin binding | Immobilization to SH group and NH2 group of protein | Immobilization to His-tag of protein | Immobilization with click chemistry | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
It is possible to firmly immobilize the proteins by covalent bond to the beads. Since the NH2 groups on the protein is randomly immobilized on the beads, the orientation of the antibodies becomes disjointed. NHS beads are recommended because they are easier to operate than COOH beads. | Only antibodies can be immobilized on beads. The Fc site of the antibody binds to the beads by affinity. The immobilization operation is easy. | Immobilizes to beads with strong affinity binding. Immobilization requires biotinlation of the ligand. | Ligand immobilization is possible with inexpensive beads. However, temperature tolerance of the protein at 37℃ is required. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | |
(3)Direct method | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ○ | △ |
Recommended beads | COOH beadsNHS beads | Protein A beadsProtein G beads | Streptavidin beadsNeutrAvidin beads | Epoxy beads | Ts beads | Azide beadsAlkyne beads |
◎:Recommended for use 〇:Available △:Can be used depending on the conditions ×:Not available
After performing the antigen-antibody reaction, the antigen-antibody complex is recovered with beads.
※Please scroll horizontally.
Immobilization to NH2 group of protein | Immobilization with affinity binding | Immobilized with Avidin-biotin binding | Immobilization to SH group and NH2 group of protein | Immobilization to His-tag of protein | Immobilization with click chemistry | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
It is possible to firmly immobilize the proteins by covalent bond to the beads. Since the NH2 groups on the protein is randomly immobilized on the beads, the orientation of the antibodies becomes disjointed. NHS beads are recommended because they are easier to operate than COOH beads. | Only antibodies can be immobilized on beads. The Fc site of the antibody binds to the beads by affinity. The immobilization operation is easy. | Immobilizes to beads with strong affinity binding. Immobilization requires biotinlation of the ligand. | Ligand immobilization is possible with inexpensive beads. However, temperature tolerance of the protein at 37℃ is required. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | |
(4)Indirect method | × | △ | ◎ | × | ○ | △ |
Recommended beads | COOH beadsNHS beads | Protein A beadsProtein G beads | Streptavidin beadsNeutrAvidin beads | Epoxy beads | Ts beads | Azide beadsAlkyne beads |
◎:Recommended for use 〇:Available △:Can be used depending on the conditions ×:Not available
※Please scroll horizontally.
Immobilization to NH2 group of protein | Immobilization with affinity binding | Immobilized with Avidin-biotin binding | Immobilization to SH group and NH2 group of protein | Immobilization to His-tag of protein | Immobilization with click chemistry | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
It is possible to firmly immobilize the proteins by covalent bond to the beads. Since the NH2 groups on the protein is randomly immobilized on the beads, the orientation of the antibodies becomes disjointed. NHS beads are recommended because they are easier to operate than COOH beads. | Only antibodies can be immobilized on beads. The Fc site of the antibody binds to the beads by affinity. The immobilization operation is easy. | Immobilizes to beads with strong affinity binding. Immobilization requires biotinlation of the ligand. | Ligand immobilization is possible with inexpensive beads. However, temperature tolerance of the protein at 37℃ is required. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | It is necessary to introduce His-tag into the protein. The beads also bind to the NH2 groups on the protein. | |
(1)Antibody | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ○ | △ |
(2)Antigen | ◎ | × | ◎ | ○ | ○ | △ |
(3)Direct method | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ○ | △ |
(4)Indirect method | × | △ | ◎ | × | ○ | △ |
Recommended beads | COOH beadsNHS beads | Protein A beadsProtein G beads | Streptavidin beadsNeutrAvidin beads | Epoxy beads | Ts beads | Azide beadsAlkyne beads |
◎:Recommended for use 〇:Available △:Can be used depending on the conditions ×:Not available
Immunoprecipitation(1)
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Immunoprecipitation(2)
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Immunoprecipitation (3)
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Immunoprecipitation (4)
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Chromatin immunoprecipitation 1
unichi Yamamoto, Tokyo Medical University
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Chromatin immunoprecipitation 2
obuo Horikoshi, Houston Methodist Research Institute Weill Cornell Medical College
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